An RNA interference pathway in which microRNAs (miRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA base pairing with near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA will typically direct targeted endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA. Many plant miRNAs downregulate gene expression through this mechanism.

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase, typically by lowering its sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and by increasing its affinity for glutamate.

Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule.

OBSOLETE. Binding to water (H2O).

Binding to ice, water reduced to the solid state by cold temperature. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.

Competitive interactions within multicellular organisms between cell populations that differ in growth rates, leading to the elimination of the slowest-growing cells.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeo-labral disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. The clypeo-labral disc develops into the labrum, anterior cibarial plate, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prepupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prepupal stage is a life stage interposed between the larval and the pupal stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis. The start of the pre-pupal stage is marked by pupariation, and the end is marked by pupation.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk.

Progression of the haltere imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.

Progression of the labial imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including parts of the proboscis.

Progression of the eye-antennal imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.

Progression of the genital imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult terminalia, comprising the entire set of internal and external genitalia and analia. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed from the female and male genital primordia, and the anal primordium. The anal primordium develops in both sexes, forming either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia.

The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of angiotensin into the blood stream.

The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.

The physiological response of the kidneys to a decrease in blood flow.

Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.