The series of events in which an external biotic stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal. An external biotic stimulus is defined as one caused or produced by a living organism other than the one being stimulated.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.

A vocalisation behavior that is innate, i.e. that does not need to be learned in order to occur.

The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system.

A vocalization behavior that is the result of learning.

Vocalisation behavior that is the result of learning, or the process by which new vocalizations are learned.

A secretory organelle of a host cell, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host synaptic vesicle.

The leaflet the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

The side (leaflet) of the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.

A cup shaped specialization of the cytoskeleton that forms a thin layer located just below the apical mass of mature mucin secretory granules in the cytoplasm of goblet cells of the intestinal epithelium. It consists of an orderly network of intermediate filaments and microtubules. Microtubules are arranged vertically, like barrel staves, along the inner aspect of the theta. Intermediate filaments form two networks: an inner, basketlike network and an outer series of circumferential bundles resembling the hoops of a barrel.

A secretory granule that contains mucin.

The space between the membrane of an oocyte and a surrounding membranous structure (zona pellucida or perivitelline membrane).

Learning in which new behaviors are acquired through imitation.

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.

The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.

Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoyl moiety from some substrate.

The side (leaflet) of the trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane that faces the lumen.