OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF9 (interferon regulatory factor-9) by promoting the nuclear accumulation of IRF9. For example, the reovirus mu2 protein promotes nuclear accumulation of host IRF9 by an as yet unconfirmed-mechanism.

OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7) by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IRF7, mediated by the proteasome.

OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) by binding to MDA-5 itself. For example, direct binding of viral proteins to the host MDA-5 protein can inhibit interaction of MDA-5 with MAVS, its downstream signaling effector.

Binding to MDA-5, a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates an antiviral signaling pathway upon binding to viral dsRNA.

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7). IRF7 a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF7, which allows IRF7 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.

OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces IRF7-dependent gene transcription, by promoting the sumoylation of IRF7, thereby disabling its activity.

OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3) by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IRF3, mediated by the proteasome.

Binding to RIG-I, a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates an antiviral signaling pathway upon binding to viral RNA.

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host chemokine activity.

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1). The cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor MDA-5 detects dsRNA synthesized during active viral replication and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.

OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces IRF3-dependent gene transcription, by preventing or reducing IRF3 binding to promoter sites.

OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of the host TAP complex, a heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). The TAP complex functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are loaded onto the MHC class I. By inhibiting the TAP complex, the virus prevents viral particles being presented at the cell surface, and thus evades the host immune response.

A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via PKR (also known as EIF2AK3), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals or upon binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), followed by autophosphorylation. PKR plays a role in the antiviral response, phosphorylating proteins such as the translation initiation factor eIF2 to inhibit protein synthesis during viral infection. Begins with activation of PKR activity, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or inhibition of translation.

The series of molecular signals generated in response to diverse stress stimuli required to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event in this pathway is the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha by one of four members of the eIF2a kinase family (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2), which leads to a decrease in global protein synthesis and the induction of selected genes, including the transcription factor ATF4, that together promote cellular recovery.

The process in which a virus effects a change in host protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) activity, a serine/threonine phosphatase. Different viruses modulate host PP1 activity to remove phosphates from various cellular substrates and downregulate the host's antiviral response.

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host tetherin activity. Tetherin (also known as BST2) is an alpha interferon-inducible cellular factor that impairs the release of many enveloped viruses. By blocking tetherin activity, many viruses circumvent its antiviral effects.

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (Protein Kinase regulated by RNA) signaling. Host PKR signaling includes targets such as the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, inhibiting protein synthesis as an antiviral response.

OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (protein kinase regulated by RNA) activity by binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Binding of viral proteins to RNA may sequester or alter the RNA so it can not be recognized by host PKR, or may compete with PKR for dsRNA binding.

OBSOLETE. Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (protein kinase regulated by RNA) activity by promoting the localization of PKR in the nucleus. For example, human cytomegalovirus (HMCV) gene products directly interact with PKR and inhibit its activation by sequestering it in the nucleus, away from both its activator (cytoplasmic dsRNA) and its substrate, (eIF2alpha).