A general transcription initiation factor which in humans consists of a heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Helps recruit RNA polymerase II to the initiation complex and promotes translation elongation.

A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.

A protein complex that phosphorylates amino acid residues of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain repeats; phosphorylation occurs mainly on Ser2 and Ser5.

OBSOLETE. Any protein complex that acts in the formation of nucleosomes or higher order chromatin structure.

The incorporation of pyrrolysine, also known as lysine methylamine methyltransferase cofactor adduct, into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG codon as a modified lysine, rather than as a termination codon. Pyrrolysine may be synthesized as a free amino acid or synthesized from a lysine charged tRNA before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-lysine; this modification is found in several Methanosarcina methylamine methyltransferases.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine and related amino acids.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine and related amino acids.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine and related amino acids.

A pathway of carbon dioxide fixation in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA is completely synthesized from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2).

OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving derivatives of acetic acid.

OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of derivatives of acetic acid.

OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of derivatives of acetic acid.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.

A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Substrate recognition by APC occurs through degradation signals, the most common of which is termed the Dbox degradation motif, originally discovered in cyclin B.

OBSOLETE. A molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in a chlorophyll electron transport system.