The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues.

The polymerization of one or more heparan sulfate chains via a xylose link onto serine residues in the core protein of a proteoglycan.

The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine.

OBSOLETE. The region of a eukaryotic chromosome that is attached to the spindle during nuclear division. It is defined genetically as the region of the chromosome that always segregates at the first division of meiosis; the region of the chromosome in which no crossing over occurs. At the start of M phase, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids with a constriction at a point which forms the centromere. During late prophase two kinetochores assemble on each centromere, one kinetochore on each sister chromatid.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrocorphins, tetrapyrroles that combine the structural elements of both porphyrins and corrins.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an enzyme cofactor consisting of a tetrapyrrole structure containing nickel, such as the F-430 cofactor found in methyl-coenzyme M reductase.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.

OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes and prosthetic groups.

The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.

OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).

OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.

OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the 2-O-sulfo-D-glucuronate residues of chondroitin sulfate, heparin and heparitin sulfate.

Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate; appears to act on linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and uronate. Product is an unsaturated sugar.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions at the level of a cell.