The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate linear mRNA translation.

The process where the cap structure, composed of a 7- methylguanosine (m7G) group and associated cap-binding proteins, located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule, which serves as a molecular tag that marks the spot where the 40S ribosomal subunit, is recruited and will then scan in a 5' to 3' direction until an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.

The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in the cytoplasm. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.

A region of the cell cortex that contains a higher concentration of growth polarity factors than the surrounding cortex and that changes position over time. An example is found in fission yeast cells during early mating, in which the GTPase Cdc42 dynamically to discrete zones within the cortex prior to shmoo formation.

The non-central region or periphery of the migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.

Any process that decreases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.

Any process that increases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of two or more different receptor complexes that individually undergo combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to form a higher level receptor complex. The formation of the higher level complex initiates a change in cell function.

An adaptive immune response mediated by naive T or B cells against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.

An adaptive immune response against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.

The center of the migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.

OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a growth cone, the migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propanediol, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with the formula CH3-CHOH-CH2OH.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.

A protein complex having ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.