Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroacetate + 2 H2O = 3 H+ + 3 Cl- + oxalate.

OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylsulfate = ADP + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate.

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-alanine = L-glutamate + pyruvate.

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + a 2-oxo acid = pyruvate + an L-amino acid.

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD(P)+ = an aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+.

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+; can proceed in the absence of a metal ion.

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of zinc.

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of iron.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an acetyl ester.

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloroallyl aldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 3-chloroacrylic acid.

A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.

A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule. In eukaryotes, substrates include nuclear non-coding RNAs such as precursors and a variety of incorrectly processed forms of snRNAs, snoRNAs, rRNAs, and tRNAs, as well as discarded RNA fragments which have been removed from ncRNA primary transcripts. Polyadenylation of precursors is often linked to termination of transcription, but polyadenylation of RNAs targeted for degradation may also occur post-transcriptionally. This polyadenylation is important both for 3'-end processing to produce mature ncRNA species and also for targeting incorrectly processed or discarded RNA molecules for degradation.

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.